The fountain
pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen
which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir
and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity
and capillary action.This pen still lies in the Central Museum Utrecht.
Quilting is a
method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of
insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented
in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or
China. But it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it
used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts
instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an
effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders’ metal armour and
was an effective form of insulation – so much so that it became a
cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and
Holland. 
The
crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and
is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the
internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical
inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious
Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation. His 1206
Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices shows he also
invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the
first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father
of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock. 
Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after 